1. Beginning, Structure, and Molecular Design
1.1 Natural Resource and Biochemical Account
(Animal Protein Frothing Agent)
Animal protein-based foaming representatives are obtained mostly from hydrolyzed keratin or collagen sourced from abattoir byproducts such as hooves, horns, bones, and hides.
Via controlled alkaline or enzymatic hydrolysis, these architectural proteins are damaged down right into amphiphilic polypeptides rich in amino acids like glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, which have both hydrophilic (– NH ₂,– COOH) and hydrophobic (aliphatic side chains) useful groups.
This double fondness allows the particles to adsorb effectively at air– water interfaces during mechanical aeration, minimizing surface area stress and maintaining bubble development– a vital demand for generating consistent cellular concrete.
Unlike artificial surfactants, animal healthy protein frothing agents are eco-friendly, non-toxic, and show exceptional compatibility with Portland cement systems due to their ionic nature and moderate pH buffering capacity.
The molecular weight circulation of the hydrolysate– usually between 500 and 10,000 Da– directly influences foam stability, drain rate, and bubble dimension, making procedure control throughout hydrolysis crucial for regular performance.
1.2 Foam Generation System and Microstructure Control
When watered down with water (typically at proportions of 1:20 to 1:30) and presented right into a foam generator, the protein option forms a viscoelastic film around entrained air bubbles under high-shear conditions.
This movie withstands coalescence and Ostwald ripening– the diffusion-driven development of larger bubbles at the expenditure of smaller sized ones– by creating a mechanically robust interfacial layer strengthened with hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.
The resulting foam shows high growth proportions (typically 15– 25:1) and low water drainage prices (
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